![]() ![]() This form of CS often follows an indolent clinical course and is more likely to require a biventricular hemodynamic support compared with AMI-CS ( 10). CS may additionally occur in patients with heart failure due to longstanding ventricular dysfunction (acute decompensated heart failure with CS ). Mechanical complications such as free wall rupture, ventricular septal defect, and papillary muscle rupture may also precipitate AMI-CS ( 9). Although even small ischemic insults may precipitate shock in patients with pre-existing myocardial dysfunction, AMI-CS is typically associated with >40% loss of left ventricular (LV) myocardium ( 8). With an aging population, CS incidence is on the rise, and patients are increasingly complex, with more associated comorbidities ( 7). CS is estimated to complicate 5% to 12% of AMIs ( 3). ![]()
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